SQL SERVER 的写法可以参照这个
SELECT top 1 SUBSTRING(ch,sv.number,1)
FROM (select 'bCsAaaaaaB' as ch) t
CROSS APPLY [master].dbo.spt_values sv
WHERE sv.type='P' and sv.number BETWEEN 1 AND LEN(ch) and ASCII(SUBSTRING(ch,sv.number,1))
BETWEEN ASCII('A') AND ASCII('Z')